John Broadus Watson: Theory of Behaviorism Essay

Behaviorism is the theoretical concept which deals with an explicit behavioral science. It describes the viewpoint of science, a mind philosophy, a pragmatic theory, and principles. These thoughts and theories devised by studying behavior of living creatures (Zuriff, 1985). The vital principles of behaviorism are that scientific psychology must center on the correlation between environmental contingencies and behavior rather than on the supposed contents of consciousness and secondly the principles which govern behavior of humans and other animals are basically indistinguishable (O’Donnell, 1985). This paper explains the theory of behaviorism developed by John Broadus Watson and contribution of other behaviorists in hardening the concept of behaviorism. John Broadus Watson, influential figure in the field of psychology, formed the psychological school of behaviorism through extensive research on animal behavior. He is popular among psychology students for by using effective behavioral practices. Behaviorism in psychology is an entirely objective experimental field of natural science. The main theoretical aspect of behaviorism is to foresee and direct of behavior. Mainly Watson pioneered the phrase Behaviorism to study human psychology as a base of his experimentation. The behaviorism theory focuses on the studying overt behaviors which can be easily observed and measured (Hothersal, 2004). In theoretical framework, stimulus response can be observed and measured quantitatively. Behaviorist theory was developed by numerous psychologists such as Pavlov, Watson, Thorndike, Kline, Angell, Mary Calkins,Yerkes and Skinner. The behaviorist attempted to devise common method of animal response. They did not differentiate between man and animal. The complex human behavior and its refinement is only a part of the behaviorist’s scheme of research. To study behavior in depth, sometimes behaviorists turned to scientists whose prime focus is their experimental research and hypothesizing (Zuriff, 1985). The expansion of behaviorist approach is often depicted as an uprising process. In 1913, when John Broadus Watson showed his famous â€Å"behaviorist manifesto,† psychology was the science of mind, the central observable fact of mind were consciousness and the method of preference for the scrutiny of consciousness was introspection by a qualified viewer under controlled conditions (Watson, 1913). The study of human and animal behavior through entirely objective methods under conditions of experimental operation and control of stimulus conditions were traditional. Watson professed between the objective nature of available behavioral methods and the then widespread beliefs of a thoughtful psychology defined as the science of consciousness. Another psychologist, Angell researched behaviorism and his comprehensive writing on behaviorism emerged in 1913 in an article named â€Å"Behavior as a Category of Psychology†. He always preferred objective experimental work instead of the introspective method or to deal with problems of consciousness, but he recommended sturdily against neglecting consciousness completely from the science. According to him, person must be watchful in order to look for superior ways of understanding human nature. He stressed that theory and practice of mental life might be explained in terms of objective behavior. Angell changed his views in later years. In 1936, after twenty years of behaviorist work in psychology, he wrote exclusive methods, like Watsonian behaviorism, simply supplicate the question and tacitly guess data which without introspective processes performed by their precursors would be paralyzed and completely sterile. Angell gave importance to methodological process and to realistic knowledge of both human and animal life. During 1938, conventional psychology was the science which concentrated not of mind but of behavior, the central fact of behavior were those of learning and memory and the methods of choice for the study of leaning and memory involved purely objective observations of behavioral data changeable as a function of the experimental manipulation of stimulus conditions (Woodworth, 1938). Critically opposing the Structuralism philosophical foundation of introspection, behaviorism grew out of a competing Functionalist viewpoint of psychology. Dewey and William James were the leading promoters. Against structuralism reification of the content of knowledge, Dewey advised that sensations be given a functional characterization, and proposed to treat them as functionally defined inhabitants of roles in the reflex arc which since it symbolized both the unit of nerve structure and the type of nerve function should supply the combined principle and controlling working hypothesis in psychology (Dewey 1896, Pg: 357). Though the arc, Dewey claimed, is misinterpreted if not viewed in broader organic-adaptive framework. On another hand against structuralism reification of the subject of experience, William James maintained that consciousness when once it has disappeared to this estate of pure diaphaneity is on the point of failing overall. The James-Lange theory of emotions explained that the bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact and that our feeling of the same changes as they occur is the emotion (James 1884, Pg: 189-190). Bertrand Russell, the first philosophers who identified the theoretical connotation of the behaviorist development which Watson proposed. Russell declared that behaviorism contains much more truth than people supposed and observed it as desirable to develop the behaviorist method to the full potential level (Russell 1927, pg: 73). He proposed a relation between behaviorism and scientific methodical philosophy of mind. Many psychologists did not accept introspection and interpretation in terms of consciousness. Watson had called for just such a transformation. Watson was not the only significant contributor to this revolution of behaviorism. Kline, famous psychologist decided to deal with the problem of animal behavior method. Kline built numerous laboratory apparatus for the study of the behavior of vorticella, wasps, chicks, and white rats under the supreme guidance of Sanford. Certainly, one of these apparatus, designed with the support of Small, approximated a simple Y-maze. Kline disapproved Thorndike’s over dependence on a solely experimental method, squabbled for a amalgamation of the naturalistic and experimental methods and explained the results of his own laboratory research, concluding that â€Å"the methods presented here enable us in a comparatively short time to point out more distinctly the dividing lines between instinct, intelligence, and habit. † (Kline, 1899, Pg: 279) While describing theory of behaviorism, Yerkes’ attitude of behaviorist approach has great significance. After Watson, Robert Mearns Yerkes was perhaps the most prominent supporter of an objective approach to the study of animal behavior.

Parts of Speech Essay

When the idea of the traditional eight parts of speech comes to mind, flashbacks to sitting in the back row of my middle school English language class flourish through my brain. I don’t remember too much about them today, however I do know that it was drilled into my brain until we could fully understand and use them all. The eight parts of speech: such a key component of language, yet such a complicated piece of my learning career. Out of all eight of the parts of speech, the verb, the noun, the pronoun, the adjective, the adverb, the preposition, the conjunction, and the interjection, the ones that I remember the most are the verb and the noun. I am not quite sure how such basic ideas of language can be so complicated to actually explain. My previous days of schooling were definitely not the most challenging or puzzling. So how is it that I use these in depth concepts in daily conversations? I honestly think that in my earlier school days, we simply discussed all of these eight parts of our language and never actually were shown how they are all connected. As I look back now, the approach to teaching the basic patterns of the English language, such as these key parts of speech, have never been too effective. These parts of speech constantly keep being brought up in my daily life yet somewhere along the lines, we get caught up in simply knowing the parts of speech rather than being able to use them effectively on our pieces of written work. All of these great facts have no purpose if we are unable to use them in our daily lives. Reminiscing back to this seemingly simple concept really does stress how important proper grammar and knowing how to make the eight parts of speech useful truly is. As a student entering the world of learning again, the importance of being a good writer and being well-spoken increasingly influences my life. To be a good writer is one thing, to honestly know what you’re trying to portray through your work is a completely different idea on it’s own. Being knowledgeable about the parts of speech and how they can be used in many facets of language is fantastic. Naming the parts of speech in isolation does not bring focus to how important these words can be, but knowing how to effectively use them in writing is what truly is important. These eight  concepts of writing came up all throughout the early years of my educational career and they’re importance is brewing back up once again in my life. Concepts in language never go away, making them one of the most important and best things you can ever learn, just hopefully this time they can stick!

Ac Computer Shop

Chapter 1 Project Summary Introduction Computer shop business is one of the most in demand businesses here in Bulacan. Nowadays, internet cafes are really in demand because of the fast changing technology that the people embraced just like here in the Philippines. Some have their own laptops and bring it to coffee shops so that they could relax and at the same time prepare their assignments and paper works. The people today are very busy and would want to do their jobs in a beautiful and innovative environment that could satisfy their needs and lessen their stress due to busy schedule. Name of the Firm The proposed name of the firm is â€Å"AC COMPUTER SHOP†. The owner will register the firm with the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and Local Government Unit (LGU) concerned. The firm will be registered as single proprietorship. The business is about computer shop. Location The business will be renting a space along Hi-way near to Government Office, and schools. The target consumers are students, teachers, office workers, and nearby neighborhood especially those people whose relatives or loved ones are abroad. The two hundred (200) meter radius requirements as provided in the existing zoning code and other applicable rules and regulations wherein computer shops and other similar establishments and places of amusements should be put up or constructed at least two hundred (200) meters away from the church, schools, hospitals and other government offices shall be strictly complied with. Long Range Objectives of the Project The AC Computer Shop looks forward to be the most competitive shop in Bocaue and nearby towns of Bulacan. The proponent dreams of making profit and staying long in the business. For operating and establishing â€Å"AC COMPUTER SHOP†, I am having some objectives. 1. To earn profit at less investments. 2. To satisfy our customers providing best quality service at effective price. 3. Providing the service at low cost by providing the best quality at affordable price. 4. To know a fair return on the capital invested by the owner. Feasibility Criteria The following are the most important criteria by which almost every subject is being measured: 1. Raising Funds or Capital – this is the number one need of a business man in putting up a business. Whether he will produce the money by his own pocket or he will have a business loan in a bank. 2. Recognize profit from the business – the main reason of a person for going into business is profit. People tend to enter into this kind of business because of their expectation to earn money or have an income. 3. It helps the economic growth of the area – this company will give a job opportunity to the resident of bulacan. 4. Enhance the availability of the company – the company will become stable if it has the ability to compete to his competitor and ability to continue operations yet there is expected risks in a business. Market Strategies To penetrate the target market, different marketing strategies and promotions will be considered. Leaflets will be distributed and handed out to various business establishments, offices, schools, bus and jeepney stations, friends, and relatives. Games and services offered will be displayed on the store window. I will offer promo’s to attract the consumer like cheaper rate for computer rental, and membership card. I will put a tarpaulin on the place itself where my shop is standing, promoting the opening of my computer shop also one month before the opening. To let the people know that there will be a new Computer Shop on the vicinity. Lastly, I will keep developing my skills by attending seminars to improve my knowledge and to be updated in this business. Chapter 2 Market Study As the popularity of the Internet continues to grow at an exponential rate, easy and affordable access is quickly becoming a necessity of life. â€Å"AC Computer Shop† provides communities with the ability to access the Internet and share Internet experiences in a comfortable environment. People of all ages and backgrounds will come to enjoy the unique, up to date, and innovative environment that â€Å"AC Computer Shop† provides. Service Description AC Computer Shop will provide its customers with full access to the Internet and common computer software and hardware. Some of the Internet and computing services available to AC Computer Shop are listed below: †¢ Surf the web at warp speed! †¢ Chat online using Instant Messenger, Yahoo, IRC or Pal Talk. †¢ Have a video conference with a business associate, family member or friend. †¢ Experience hot Internet games like World of Warcraft, Warcraft III, Counter-Strike, Battle Realms and Dance Audition and autojam (3Mbps downstream and upstream) with outrageous ping times. Hook up your laptop to our Internet connection via Ethernet cable. You can even send a print job from your laptop to our network color laser printer. †¢ Rent AC Computer Shop for your late-night or all-night gaming party. †¢ Send and receive email using your home or business account, or set up a free email account using Yahoo, Hotmail or any other web-based service. à ¢â‚¬ ¢ Create your own greeting cards, flyers, school reports or presentations using Print Shop, Microsoft PowerPoint or Microsoft Publisher and print them in color. Download shareware programs in the blink of an eye and copy them to a CD or Zip Disk. †¢ Scan a picture using one of our self-service photo scanners and send via email. †¢ Plan your next vacation or print out driving directions. †¢ Listen to music clips and watch videos from your favorite performers with iTunes, Yahoo Music or RealVideo/RealAudio. †¢ Type resumes, letters and term papers with Microsoft Word. †¢ Send and receive faxes on AC Computer Shop’s color fax machine. †¢ Find that dream job using CareerBuilder or Monster Jobs. Check out continuously updated news, sports highlights, weather, and stock quotes. †¢ Enjoy quiet online board games from Yahoo. You can even join a Yahoo league! †¢ AC Computer Shop will also accept computer repair. Youll appreciate surfing and gaming at AC Computer Shop. It has super-fast Internet connection; youll be visiting all your favorite sites in record time. Multi-player gaming is quicker and more exciting when you and your friends are able to do battle with no lag and plenty of bonding for everyone. My friendly staff is ready to help with your computer needs. Guidelines of Business †¢ All malicious sites are blocked. †¢ We’re not allowing inserting flash drive or any storage device without the consent of the shop staff. †¢ Eating and drinking in the gaming and typing area is not allowed, they are only allow to eat and drink in the waiting area. †¢ One person for one unit to maintain orderliness. Ambiance †¢ Not too dark and bright because we want the shop more encouraging to work and play. †¢ Our computer tables have a board between users for privacy purposes. †¢ All furniture are fully furnished and labor included. Price Study It is one of the considerations of the customer that enhance them to rent computers. If the price is lower they will rent. The following services are: Amount Internet/GamesPhp. 15. 00 / hour Printing black white(short) 4. 00 (Long) 5. 00 Colored (logo size) 8. 00 Photocopying (short) 0. 75 (Long) 1. 00 Scanning 10. 00 CD burning (max. of 17 songs) 35. 00 Other services: Pay phone (for every 3 min. ) 5. 00 Computer Repair (labor) 250. 00 Factors Affecting the Market Factors that I consider while putting up my own Computer Shop: †¢ Location – picking a good spot is an advantage for me. †¢ Competition – most business – minded people think of competition as a race to charge the lower prices in order to win the customers. †¢ Software Licensing – it’s really important to have an original operating system, because pirated OS can eventually damage the system. †¢ Expected ROI – investing money in a business is a risk in my case the well tabulated if financial statement is my major concern. Internet Connection The major cost of a computer shop is the internet connection. For providing better service, the proposed project will use a high band width connection for better speed as the project is going on to provide service of video chat. It is recommended that the internet connection should be taken from the best internet service provider. Recommended Connection If the project is set up in area, where DSL Internet connection is available, it is recommended to use DSL Internet connection instead of any other Internet connection. This will improve the speed of internet, which will improve the performance of video chat and will also reduce the telephone expense. Marketing Program AC Computer Shop has three main strategies. The first strategy focuses on attracting novice Internet users, by providing a novice friendly environment, AC Computer Shop hopes to educate and train a loyal customer base. The second, and most important, strategy focuses on pulling in power Internet users. Power Internet users are extremely familiar with the Internet and its offerings. This group of customers serves an important function at AC Computer Shop. Power users have knowledge and web-browsing experience that novice Internet users find attractive and exciting. The third strategy focuses on building a social environment for AC Computer Shop customers. A social environment, that provides entertainment, will serve to attract customers that wouldnt normally think about using the Internet. Once on location at AC Computer Shop, these customers that came for the more standard entertainment offerings will realize the potential entertainment value the Internet can provide. Attract Power Internet Users AC Computer Shop’s second strategy will be focused on attracting power Internet users. Power Internet users provide an important function. AC Computer Shop plans on attracting this type of customer by: †¢ Providing the latest in computing technology. †¢ Providing scanning and printing services. †¢ Providing access to powerful software applications The large student and nearby neighborhood population will become an important part of the AC Computer Shop customer base. The student population continues to grow with the success of the educational institutes. Access to the internet, entertainment, and the upscale ambiance will attract the students. Business community is growing rapidly with the addition of new companies day by day. AC Computer Shop will provide an opportunity to local and traveling professionals to check their e-mails communications; this will be an attracting entity for the middle income group and for the residents of Bocaue as they do not have access to the internet at their living places. Market Growth The market for the services AC Computer Shop will offer is growing rapidly. The computer shop hasnt come to this area yet, but similar services are growing rapidly on a global scale. Large cities that cater to large numbers of traveling business people have been saturated with businesses offering the services AC Computer Shop will offer. Business people use the Internet services to catch up on email and communications with their family. My area supports a population that has many of the same needs and interests of this larger group. The student population continues to grow as the University grows in popularity with high-school graduates from out of state. These students tend to have money and an interest in up-scale social centers. AC Computer Shop will target these groups with the use of fliers and tarpaulin. SWOT Analysis The SWOT analysis provides us with an opportunity to examine the internal strengths and weaknesses AC Computer Shop must address. It also allows us to examine the opportunities presented to AC Computer Shop as well as potential threats. AC Computer Shop has a useful inventory of strengths that will help it succeed. These strengths include: a knowledgeable and friendly staff, modern computer hardware, and a clear vision of the market need. Strengths are valuable, but it is also important to realize the weaknesses AC Computer Shop must address. These weaknesses include: a dependence on quickly changing technology and the cost factor associated with keeping modern computer hardware. AC Computer Shop’s strengths will help it capitalize on rising opportunities. These opportunities include, but are not limited to, a growing population of daily Internet users, and the growing social bonds fostered by the new Internet communities. Threats that AC Computer Shop should be aware of include, the rapidly falling cost of Internet access, and rising local competitors. Strengths 1. Knowledgeable and friendly staff – I’ve gone to great lengths at AC Computer Shop to find people with a passion for teaching and sharing their Internet experiences. My staff is both knowledgeable and eager to please. 2. Modern equipment – Part of the AC Computer Shop experience includes access to modern computer equipment. My customers enjoy beautiful and convenient units’ displays, fast machines, and high-quality printers. 3. Up-scale ambiance – When you walk into AC Computer Shop or even sit at my waiting area, youll feel the technology. Great sound background, nice lighting that sets the mood and the whole area was clean. 4. Clear the vision of the market need – AC Computer Shop knows what it takes to build an upscale computer shop. I and my staff know the customers, the technology, and how to build the service that will bring the two together. Weaknesses 1. A dependence on quickly changing technology – AC Computer Shop is a place for people to experience the technology of the Internet. The technology that is the Internet changes rapidly. Product lifecycles are measured in weeks, not months. AC Computer Shop needs to keep up with the technology because a lot of the AC Computer Shop experience is technology. 2. Cost factor associated with keeping state-of-the-art hardware – Keeping up with the technology of the Internet is an expensive undertaking. AC Computer Shop needs to balance technology needs with the other needs of the business. One aspect of the business cant be sacrificed for the other. Opportunities 1. Growing population of daily Internet users – The importance of the Internet almost equals that of the telephone. As the population of daily Internet users increases, so will the need for the services AC Computer Shop offers. 2. Social bonds fostered by the new Internet communities – The Internet is bringing people from across the world together unlike any other communication medium. AC Computer Shop will capitalize on this social trend by providing a place for smaller and local Internet communities to meet in person. AC Computer Shop will grow some of these communities on its own by establishing chat areas and community programs. These programs will be designed to build customer loyalty Threats 1. Rapidly falling cost of Internet access – The cost of access to the Internet for home users is dropping rapidly. Internet access may become so cheap and affordable that nobody will be willing to pay for access to it. AC Computer Shop is aware of this threat and will closely monitor pricing. . Rising local competitors – Currently, AC Computer Shop is enjoying a first-mover advantage in the local computer shop market. However, additional competitors are on the horizon, and I need to be prepared for their entry into the market. Many of my programs will be designed to build customer loyalty, and it is my hope that my quality service and up-scale ambiance wonà ¢â‚¬â„¢t be easily duplicated. Market Needs As the popularity of internet continues to grow at an exponential rate, easy and affordable access is quickly becoming a necessity of life. Public wants access to the methods of communication and volumes of information now available on the internet, and access at a cost they can afford and in such a way that they are not socially, economically, and politically isolated. Market Trends More than ninety percent of my customers are youngsters and their only objective to get to these is to get enjoyment. Marketing Strategies I create some advertising strategies like I will print a thousand of fliers printed with the total cost of Php. 908. 00 (500 pieces on small fliers that cost Php. 220. 0, while the second fliers are also 500 pieces with the cost of Php. 687. 50), a month before the opening me and my staff will distribute the fliers. I will also put tarpaulin on the place itself where my shop is standing a month before the opening. It will promote the services offered and also the opening of my Computer Shop. To let the people know that there will be a new Computer Shop on the vicinity. The tarpaulin size is 64† x 10 0†and amounting Php. 497. 75. Management Strategies Maintain a focus on quality products with bottom-line growth through cost reduction and optimal performance. I also focus on technology and innovation to make sure our employees skills are up to standard with today’s mode of production. Demand Demand in Internet Services for the last five years: Table 1. 1 |Year |Quantity Demand (in peso) | |2004 |38,720 | |2005 |70,400 | |2006 |82,800 | |2007 |112,250 | |2008 |175,110 | Figure 1. 1 As you can see there is 8. 08 percent of demand in internet service in year 2004 and increase of 6. 6 percent on the next year. In 2006 there is 17. 28 percent of demand in internet service and increase of 6. 14 percent in year 2007 and in the year 2008 there’s a demand of 36. 54 percent in internet services. I will use the â€Å"Arithmetic Straight Line† method in projecting the demand for the next five years. Yc = a + Yi 1Yc = initial value Yn = final value Yi – 1 = value for past years where: a = Yn – Yc N-1 Computation: a = 175,110 – 38,720 = 34,098 5 – 1 2009 = 34,098 + 175,110 = Php. 209,208. 00 2010 = 34,098 + 209,208 = Php. 243,306. 00 2011 = 34,098 + 243,360 = Php. 277,404. 00 2012 = 34,098 + 277,404 = Php. 311,502. 00 013 = 34,098 + 311,502 = Php. 345,600. 00 Projected Demand for five years: Table 1. 2Figure 1. 2 |Year |Quantity Demand (in peso) | |2009 |209,208 | |2010 |243,306 | |2011 |277,404 | |2012 |311,502 | |2013 |345,600 | Supply Supply in the Internet Services for the last five years: Table 2. 1Figure 2. 1 |Year |Quantity Supply (in peso) | |2004 | 21,120 | |2005 |35,200 | 2006 |41,400 | |2007 |51,800 | |2008 |107,770 | As you can see there is 8. 21 percent of supply in internet service in year 2004 and increase of 5. 47 percent on the next year. In 2006 there is 16. 09 percent of supply in internet service and increase of 5. 05 percent in year 2007 and in the year 2008 there’s a supply of 41. 87 percent in internet services. I will use the â€Å"Arithmetic Straight Line† method in projecting the supply for the next five years. Yc = a + Yi 1Yc = initial value Yn = final value Yi – 1 = value for past years where: a = Yn – Yc N-1 Computation: a = 107,770 – 21,120 = 21,663 5 – 1 2009 = 21,663 + 107,770= Php. 129,433. 00 2010 = 21,663 +129,433 = Php. 151,096. 00 2011 = 21,663 + 151,096= Php. 172,759. 00 2012 = 21,663 + 172,759= Php. 194,422. 00 2013 = 21,663 + 194,422= Php. 216,085. 00 Projected Supply for five years: Table 2. 2Figure 2. 2 |Year |Quantity Supplied (in peso) | |2009 |129,433 | |2010 |151,096 | |2011 |172,759 | |2012 |194,422 | 2013 |216,085 | Demand and Supply Analysis The table and figure below will shows the projected demand and supply of AC Computer Shop for the next five years in percentage. Table 3 |Year |Percentage of Quantity |Percentage of Quantity | | |Demand |Supplied | |2009 |15. 08 |14. 98 | |2010 |17. 54 |17. 49 | |2011 |20 |20 | |2012 |22. 46 |22. 51 | |2013 |24. 92 |25. 2 | |   |100% |100% | Figure 3 The figure 3 shows the projected demand and supply of AC Computer Shop for the next five years. In y ear 2009 there is a 15. 08% of demand on internet services, that’s why AC Computer Shop needs a 14. 98% to supply the demand. In 2010 there is 17. 54% in demand and 17. 49% in supply, while in 2011 it has a 20% both in demand and in supply. And in 2012 there is 22. 46% in demand and 22. 51% in supply. For the fifth year 2013 it has a 24. 92% in demand and 25. 02% of supply. In totality, every year AC Computer Shop will increase of 2. 6% in demand and 2. 51% in supply. Chapter 3 Technical Feasibility In this chapter, I will discuss the product, the manufacturing process of my business including the plant size and production schedule. I will also discuss the machinery and equipment and also the other computer application that I will use in the business. In order for me to lessen my expenses, I purchase equipment in packages. I focus much in the hardware and software. I research on how much the hardware and software will cost me, through net surfing. The Services The following s ervices of AC Computer Shop are listed below: Gaming †¢ Typing †¢ Searching the net †¢ Printing/ Photo copying/Fax/Scanning †¢ Down loads †¢ Cd – burning †¢ Computer Repair For gaming I will install popular online games like Warcraft, Counter strike, Battle Realms, Dance Audition, and Autojam. In typing I will install original Operating System of MS Office Professional 2007 like MS Word, Excel, Power point, Access, Desktop Publishing. I will have printer, Scanner, Photocopier, and Fax Machine for the Printing, Photo copying, and faxing. AC Computer Shop will also offer other services like DVD/CD burning, Pay phone, and Computer Repair. Manufacturing Process This is the AC Computer Shop’s manufacturing process. The â€Å"AC Computer Shop† will provide the product and services to the customers, and then the customer will give income or profit to AC Computer Shop in return. The income or profit that the customer gave in return will used to provide the product and services. Plant Size and Production Schedule The â€Å"AC Computer Shop† will operate seven days a week. AC Computer Shop opens at 8:00 am ahead to the other competitors. This will lead my shop of being known. My goal is to give the needs of the students and others in early manner of time. AC Computer Shop’s Time Schedule | |Opening | |Closing |Operating hours | |Monday |8:00 AM | |11:00 PM |15 | |Tuesday |8:00 AM | |11:00 PM |15 | |Wednesday |8:00 AM | |11:00 PM |15 | |Thursday |8:00 AM | |11:00 PM |15 | |Friday |8:00 AM | |11:00 PM |15 | |Saturday |8:00 AM | |11:00 PM |15 |Sunday |8:00 AM | |11:00 PM |15 | |Total Operating Hours per week |105 | Machinery and Equipment The proposed project is going to be of 10 units of computer systems and the details of the equipment required for the project is given below: |List of Hardware: |Brand name |Description |Amount | |Package PC’s |Pentium 4 |10 units of PC w/ Complete |Php. 5,500. 00 | | | |accessories | | |Printer |Samsung SCX-4200 | 3-in-1; Laser Printer, Scanner, |4,999. 00 | | | |Copier | | |Fax Machine |Panasonic KX-FT933 |Fax Machine with Automatic Paper |5,790. 0 | | | |Cutter | | |Modem DSL |Smart Bro | |999. 00 | |Computer Application Software: | | | | |OS MS Office 2007 | | |4,999. 0 | |Anti-virus a nd Anti spy ware | | |7,200. 00 | |Game Software: | | | | |Warcraft (dota) | | |1,450. 00 | |Counter Strike | | |350. 00 | |Battle Realms | | |720. 0 | |Dance Audition | | |1,968. 00 | |Autojam | | |1,968. 00 | |Total Machinery and Equipment Cost | | |Php. 45,943. 00 | Furniture and Fixtures The project is based on Pentium-4 computer systems. Second hand systems are also available in the market at much lower prices. The reason for using the latest system is the new software coming in the market that requires more powerful systems which will provide better service to the customer. The price of computer systems varies with the introduction of new technology in the market. |Description |Quantity |Unit Price |Total Price | |Computer Cabinet |10 |250 |Php. 2,500. 00 | |Table for waiting area |1 |400 |400. 0 | |Air Conditioner |1 |6,500 |6,500. 00 | |Mono block chair |10 |230. 5 |2,305. 00 | |office chair for server |1 |745. 75 |745. 75 | |Cabinet for the supplies |1 |950 |950. 00 | |Pad Lock |2 |750 |1,500. 0 | |Total Furniture and Fixtures Cost | | |Php. 14,900. 75 | Plant Location Plant Layout â€Å"AC Computer Shop† Building and Facilities | Description |Amount | |Rent ( 2,500*12) |Php. 30000. 00 | |Construction of the Shop |3,000. 00 | |Total Building and facility Cost |Php. 33,000. 00 | Raw Materials and Supplies The material needed for the operation of the business: |Description |Price | | |Bond Paper |Php 150. 00 |(500pcs. /rim) | |CD w/ Case |13. 00 |/set | |Ball pen |48. 00 |/box (12pcs) | |Stapler |100. 0 | | |Staple wire |30. 00 | | |HP 96 Black Ink |800. 00 | | |HP 97 Tri-Color |850. 00 | | |Record Book |25. 00 | | |Fire Extinguisher 10 lbs. |3,950. 0 | | |Total Raw Materials and Supplies Cost |Php 5,966. 00 | | Utilities |Description |Monthly Cost |Total Amount (year) | |Electricity |Php. 5,000. 00 |Php. 60,000. 00 | |Water |117. 50 |1,410. 00 | |Total Utility Cost | |Php. 61,410. 0 | Waste Disposal AC Computer Shop can manage the waste disposal properly, because every Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Sunday is the schedule in collecting all the garbage in barangay Poblacion, Bocaue. |Cleaning Materials |Price | | |Broom Dust Pan |Php. 105. 00 |– replace every 5 months | |Trash Can |100. 00 | | |Feather Dust |60. 0 |– 2pcs. Good for 3 months | |Mop |250. 00 |– replace every 5 months | |Powder Soap |60. 00 |– 6pcs. Good for 2 months | |Air Freshener |175. 00 |– replace every 2 months | |Total Waste Disposal Cost |Php. 750. 00 | | Legal Requirements ? Registration with BIR ( Bureau of Internal Revenue) ? Registration of Business Name with DTI (Department of Trade and Industry) ? Barangay Clearance and Business Permit ? Mayors Permit Legal Requirements Cost |Barangay Clearance |Php 150. 00 | |Mayor’s Permit |4,000. 00 | | Business Tax |950. 00 | | Business Plate |100. 00 | | Sanitary Permit |250. 0 | | Occupational Tax |400. 00. | | Inspection Fee |500. 00 | | Filing |100. 00 | | Processing |120. 00 | | Zoning |350. 00 | | Electrical Inspection |250. 00 | | Fire Inspection |350. 0 | |BIR |300. 00 | |DTI |5,750. 00 | |Total Legal Requirement Cost | Php 13,570. 00 | Production Cost The details of production cost for the project are given below: Labor Requirements Estimated Annual Cost for Salaries and Wages |Description |Monthly Salary |Annual Salary | |Manager |Php. ,000. 00 |Php. 96,000. 00 | |Employee |4,500. 00 |54,000. 00 | |Total Salaries and Wages Cost | |Php. 150,000. 00 | * Additional fee to my employee for computer repair (labor) Php 250. 00 Requirement on Hiring an Ap plicant Applicant must be 20 years old, residence of Bocaue †¦ †¢ Resume †¢ Two valid I. D. †¢ Birth Certificate (NSO) †¢ N. B. I Clearance †¢ SSS number †¢ Vocational Graduate (computer technician) †¢ Hardworking

Bioethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Bioethics - Essay Example The core point is that human life is a primary value in itself and that must be protected at all times. The basis of this reasoning can be derived from diverse grounds that include religion and ethics. Existence of human life is not a making of any other human being and this outrightly fails to justify artificial intervention meant to eliminate life (Paterson 44). The uniqueness that constitute each individual’s life makes it difficult to assign value and this means that no circumstance justify interference with human existence whether unborn, unconscious, sick or physically deformed. Use of concepts like relativism, skepticism, consequentialism, and utilitarianism tend to leave moral loopholes which at some point still lead to messing up with individual rights to life. The religious premise emphasizes the sanctity of life and that means the only moral duty assigned to humanity is to protect the life unless supernatural circumstances effects death or any form of infringement into the right to life(Paterson 57). Ethics has to do with doing what one would wish to be done against him. In regard to the Kant theory, the right thing is to give way to ones right to life irrespective of any utilitarian prospect and this sums up to stand for absolute respect of human

Economics Effects of Taxing Sugar Beverages Research Paper

Economics Effects of Taxing Sugar Beverages - Research Paper Example Such economic policies have provided conventional measures in various sectors that have ensured reduction in consumption of non-dietary food items. Economists assert that best economic policies that could reduce consumption of non-dietary food that contribute to lifestyle diseases include adoption of price cap and taxation policies. These policies would advance commodity prices hence reduce its demand. Evidently, sugar beverages form one of the food items consumed by majority that have immense effect on productivity. It presents severe complications that delimit human functioning and productivity. Chronic diseases that it causes include diabetes, obesity and heart diseases that have severe complications.Economists assert that nations and individuals should adopt essential methods to facilitate eradication of lifestyle diseases that presents long-term complications for example diabetes which is caused by consumption of sugar beverages. They stated that authorities should adopt proper conventional strategies to facilitate eradication of chronic diseases that cause immense lose. Nations including the US have initiated development of sound health care policies to provide basic incentives towards improving health standards. The policies are geared towards reforming the entire health system with an aim of providing effective, fair and superior medical assistance to citizens. US government view health as a vital element that has to be improved through potential policies with absolute potential to revolutionize the sector. This is to facilitate provision of fair nursing care through superior treatment ideals and dietary counseling. Consequently, the policy seeks to ensure that individuals are informed about the dangers of compromised dietary food consumption including complications of drugs. This paper evaluates the imperativeness of economic health care with focus to sugar beverages that hinders human development. Health care policies Health care policies are comprehensive guidelines that drive provision of quality nursing services and enhancement of individual’s life standards. Health officials are under obligation to provide basic treatment and counseling based on health matters and food dietary system. The activities should be formulated with an aim of developing a healthy nation with vibrant economic prospects that are sustainable. Developing effective health care policies requires input of various stakeholders (Neuman 1). Evidently, effective health policies should consider various factors that include monetary impact, dietary system, and infrastructural system and health professionals. These factors are significant in devising appropriate health policies that enhances safety and human

Financial Management Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Management Assignment - Essay Example The majority stakeholders were Vodafone Group Plc and Verizon Communications holding 45 percent and 55 percent stakes respectively. In the past both groups have tried to acquire higher stake in the entity. But the negotiations between them failed multiple times due to failure in arriving at right price for the deal. At one point of time Verizon suspended dividend payout to Vodafone for 6 years which many analysts perceive as a move that was aimed at pushing Vodafone to exit the venture. The primary reason for such motive was get higher ownership in Verizon Wireless that had become the third largest telecom entity in United States in very small amount of time. the negotiations regarding stake sale failed in the past because Verizon Communication estimated that true value of Verizon Wireless was approximately $100 billion and it was willing to pay this amount to Vodafone to exit the venture. But, Vodafone estimates that after including the intangible aspects and future potential of Ver izon Wireless in ever growing US and European markets should be much higher (approx $130 billion). Thus, the deal was successfully struck that was close to a decade in the making (Financial Times, 2013). The terms and conditions of the deal are so agreed upon between the two entities that the change in ownership structure will not impact the services to odd 100 million customers of Verizon Wireless. The stock markets reacted positively to the deal announcement. The share prices of Vodafone surged to 12 year high in the international stock markets thereby increasing shareholders’ wealth by taking total market capitalisation of the company to all new highs (Reuters, 2013). In contrast the share prices of Verizon Communications rose by approximately 3 percent on the day when Vodafone officially announced the deal. More specific details of the deal reveals that Vodafone will get about $59.8 billion in cash; remaining $60.1 billion

GDP as a measure of welfare Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

GDP as a measure of welfare - Research Paper Example This measures happiness directly by interviewing people about how they feel about their health, wealth, and education and then attaching weights to the respective responses.One good thing about this measure is that it measures the well-being by incorporating material and spiritual development side by side as explained by sustainable development, cultural values, conservation, and good governance. Country  SWL IndexKuwait  240Uruguay  176South Sudan  120*Burkina Faso  156.67Zimbabwe  160Hungary  190Note: South Sudan SWL Index of 120 is for the greater Sudan before it seceded.(b)  Kuwait versus UruguayWhere it compares poorly against Uruguay: Adult Literacy and Life Expectancy at Birth.Here it fares better against Uruguay: Real GDP per capita and Internet user population percentage.(c)  GDP tends to determine most of the variables. The plot below is a display of the trend of the percentage each value contributes over time or ordered categories. GDP is not a good measu re because it does not take into account the specific distribution of the incomes to the hands of individuals. They could only be going to few hands hence it does not measure the general welfare of the people.One good thing about this measure is that it measures the well-being by incorporating material and spiritual development side by side as explained by sustainable development, cultural values, conservation, and good governance. Country  SWL IndexKuwait  240Uruguay  176South Sudan  120*Uruguay  176South Sudan  120*

Estimating power and privilege Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Estimating power and privilege - Essay Example When I think about my friend, I find that I use the same criteria to classify him. I think that the reason I do this is because it draws distinctions or highlights the differences between us and provides a framework for identifying both similarities and differences. He is a male, I am a female; there is a multitude of implied sociological, as well as biological, differences in that category. My family has lived in America for the last seven generations and his grandfather came to the United States from Mexico; the cultural identity distinctions are numerous, as is our reference grid for perceiving the world around us. I am single and he is married; this relationship status implies an enormous number of social factors that define us both in different ways. As for intelligence, we are both pursuing degrees in higher education; for this specific comparison, this is more of a distinction that highlights our similarities over our differences. Finally, I am here and he is in Los Angeles; which means that our daily lives look very different. These identity definitions ar e important for the purposes of understanding similarities and differences. I think the benefits of privilege, and certainly the abuse of power, are often found within these categories. In looking at the abuse side of things, i.e., discrimination based on gender or ethnicity, sexual orientation, etc., I can see that any classification system can be abused; but I don't see any other way to make the identifications and distinctions that help me perceive the world. b. Relative Power and Privilege. In a similar way as identity classification, my estimation of my own personal situation in terms of privilege follows similar distinction. On the whole, I would rate my personal circumstances as a seven. The criteria I use to give myself this rating are; living conditions, career opportunities, and recreational pursuits. I guess my thinking about my personal privilege status is guided by the things for which I am grateful. That is why I chose the categories above. I feel very privileged to have a safe and secure place to live, and plenty of food to eat; which makes me more privileged than much of the world's population. I am also very grateful for the career opportunities that lay before me, particularly after I finish my education. I know that I have more control over my future as a result of several privileges I enjoy. Finally, I chose recreational pursuits because those things make me happy. One reason my privilege score is so high is that I enjoy doing certain things and, when I engage in those activities, my quality of life and general mood are enhanced. If I were to have no time to play, because I had to spend every waking minute looking for food or working to stay alive, I would not be the privileged person I am right now. I don't know that I specifically rejected any other criteria for establishing my status, as much as I just followed my own internal logic. Certainly, there are many other categories of comparison that could be used to quantify privilege or power; but for me, the most important ones are those that directly impact my daily life and happiness. As I noted previously, my sense of privilege foll

CFZ18 International Human Resource Management Essay

CFZ18 International Human Resource Management - Essay Example A good example is the Nanjing university school of business which offers Masters of Science in Human Resource Management. In its portfolio, the institution describes the MSc Human Resource Management program as a program aimed at raising high-caliber fellows in order to meet the growing competitive needs in the global business environment (Bas & Zhao, 2012). Next, governments that decide to construct or re-construct states that function as per the rule of the law always lead to two contrasting movements. The first move constitutes nations involved in rebuilding their government institutions or building their government institutions from scratch. Examples of nations that have experienced this include Libya and South Sudan that have experienced internal conflicts and wars that have brought about state collapse (Natsios, 2012; LeRiche & Arnold, 2012). The second move constitutes of nations that have resorted to economic and political changes. A typical example of this measure is the action of the Eastern European nations to transform from a centrally planned economy to a market economy. In either case, a national government will only accept IHRM practices that are compliant with its bid to accomplish the restructuring endeavors. Another way in which a government can affect the effectiveness of implementation of HRM policies and practices is through issuance of guidance on the wages that employees should be receiving and simplification of the steps involved in forming labor unions. For example, the move by the Bangladesh government to appoint the tripartite minimum wage board whose duty is to significantly raise the lowest pay rendered to factory workers (Eyraud & Saget, 2005). To this end, the cabinet has approved a host of amendments to the labor laws therein in order to improve benefits in addition to simplifying the process of

Employee Compensation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employee Compensation - Essay Example This essay stresses that organizations that are since committed to developing a compensation system that is designed around performance will want to consider the use of incentive pay. Typically given in addition to-rather than in place of-the basic wage, incentive plans should be viewed as an additional dimension to the wage structure. Incentives can be paid based on individual, group, or organization wide performance – a pay-for-performance concept. This paper makes a conclusion that the compensation structure consists of lavishing exorbitant sums on management level while penny-pinching on pay for other workers. This is an example of a harmful business model. The company can, and should narrow its pay gap by bringing down the top – and lifting the bottom up. It has a pay for performance plan for the management level employees. This is strength of the compensation structure but this need to be stretched out to the entire workforce so that the weakness exhibited by way of the huge executive compensation. To conclude, instead of cutting down on the executive compensation package, it would be beneficial if an opportunity is given to enter the profit sharing plan allowing employees to share in the success of a firm by distributing part of the company’s profits back to the workers. In essence, employees become owners of the company. The logic behind profit-sharing plans is that they increase commitment and loyalty to th e organization.

Fascist Government Essay Example for Free

Fascist Government Essay Fascist government is better compared to a communism government in that it seeks the reality of the society on strength and weaknesses of nations.   Historically, fascist governments opposed the class conflicts and emphasized that they would forever exist. Though fascists have been used pejoratively in the present setting, it is clear that communism was worse in history as it advocated for classless and stateless society that declared allegiance to the Marxism-Leninism a notion that was impossible to apply.   It is no doubt that communism orientation of social organization where totalitarians dominated and above all, the self perpetuating political party system was the major cause for excessive anarchy like that experienced under the soviet rule. Overview This paper explores fascist government as the better option to communism with greater focus on the historical events.   Through use of questions and answers, the paper explores the principles and theoretical considerations of the two systems of government.   It compares the major occurrences under the two systems of the government to support the thesis statements.   With reference to the period of application, the paper gives a clear analysis of the logistics behind the fascists’ governments as opposed to the communist administration. Questions and answers What are the principles of communism and how effectively did communism governments apply them? Communism government is guided by the main principle of a society that is egalitarian and classless mainly based on common ownership and control of the production means. The principles call for a stateless society with a form of government that declares allegiance to Marxism-Leninism.   Application of communism has and is always controversial in that the well outlined principles form a reciprocating platform for abuse by the same governments. Remarkably, it is communism that has made USSR to be remembered for its ruthlessness when dealing with the community.   In 1928, Joseph Stalin application of communism which he claimed to be directly under his predecessor Lenin innovation, were borne of mayhem and anarchy.   It was marred with extra judicial killings, spying and elimination of the political opponents (Lauren, 173-177). As indicated by fascism, it was important to acknowledge the need for the classes in the society as they were the ones that bore them.   Fascist governments therefore applied the correct principles of the time that were bound on the desire to grow and expand beyond their boundaries.   Though application of the survival for the fittest in the human realms was a major shenanigan, fascism has been credited for creating nationalism and enhancing identity.   Sir Osward Mosley, the leader of British Union of Fascists emphasized that communism was a major cause of suppression for democracy it claimed to advocate (Daniels, 38-45). What were the consequences of communism and abolishing private property ownership to ensure equality? Communism was mainly directed at seeking communal ownership of the production systems in the society.   Under this system however, the government was given a better operating platform to practice massive corruption to the people.   Though the concept was initially well thought of, its application mostly presented the reciprocal a notion that made the whole system to become a failure.   The death of Karl Marx at end of the 19th century has been cited to be the possible end of real communism. Historians indicate that fascist governments rose as a response to the events of World War I, a notion that cited the possible fallouts in democracy and liberalism for their favor of individualism or internationalism.   Historically, this concept was faulty and saw the establishments of the fascist governments like in Italy (Furet and Furet, 178-188). How effective was the system and what were the repercussions? Application of communism was a bloody notion that had far much reaching implication even to the current society.   During the World War II, the communists consolidated power through massive blood shed in most of the Eastern Europe.   In Russia, the struggle by many countries to get independence never bore fruits until the international community intervened later in the 20th century.   Though communist governments claimed to be borne by the people themselves, it is however ironical that most of the third world colonies that adopted the communist ideals like Cambodia, Lao, and Angola are still among the poorest in the world. Though fascist government promoted the growth of their empire beyond their own territories, they supported the nationalism and were mainly driven by charismatic leaders.   This gave the notion of the great capacity of the fascism governments to rationally reason out their application policies.   Nakano Seigo of Japan noted that fascist governments had the capacity to practice democracy than did communist governments (Furet Furet Deborah, 186-190).

A Fight for Independence Essay Example for Free

A Fight for Independence Essay America: The land of the free, and the home of the brave. We all know that if we look at America in the prime of its greatness, it was just this, the land of the free. It was free from oppression, from stubborn, and greedy laws, and acts that held us back. However, this independence did not happen overnight. It happened over the course of hundreds of years. America was, and still is, a nation of those who fought for what they believed in, and it all began in the prime of its independence. Between the years 1754, which gave us the French and Indian War, and 1774, when the first Continental Congress Meeting was held, America slowly but surely took its rightful place as the just leaders of the lands from sea to shining sea. Its independence did not come easily, and many men died for its fortification, but all for a worthy cause. Once we took the seat we so aptly deserved we forged a nation that would be looked at as the land of opportunity, and the sole nation in the world which was truly blessed by God. In this paper, I will endeavor to answer how the formation of our great nation came about, what steps we took to achieve independence, and most of all what caused of the Revolutionary War. There really is no set beginning to this magnificent story of independence and liberation; however, the start to the true action and the first steps in the direction of who we truly were as a nation, began with The French and Indian, which began in 1754, or more specifically with the Treaty of Paris, signed in 1763. The French and Indian war was one of the biggest eye openers for the Americans. Although it seemed the British took our side with the struggle against French and Indian population attacking, the resulting debts and fees from the war were all placed upon the colonies. The war was so incredibly expensive that the United Kingdom and Prime Minister William Pitt were at the point of declaring bankruptcy; however, the Empire had a better idea. British authorities used the colonists for their own personal gain, by applying fees, taxes, and stubborn acts all to benefit the United Kingdom. This definitely raised the first of many red flags against the United Kingdom. So the British stood tall after the war, expecting from its victory territory over the land, as well as its debts to be paid off from no less  than the ones who sided with them in the war. All of this benefited the British and harmed those in the colonies. This started what was to be the next 20 years of rebellion against the Empire, and Americas gradual realization of their true destiny, independence. From this destitute stage of debt and potential bankruptcy emerged the dreaded Acts which were heavily enforced and filled to the brim with unfair treatment from the British and a desire for personal gain from the colonists. The first of many was the Sugar Act of 1764. This Act was a tax on everything from sugar, of course, to coffee. It was enforced however, on just about every American necessity. This act was so heavily enforced that they placed armed soldiers on the streets. The next act that was placed upon the colonists was the Stamp Act of 1765. This act enforced taxes on just about every transaction that happened through paper, any printed document, or any legal document. It went as far as placing taxes on playing cards. The Americans soon began to see just what was happening in their own nation. They were supposed to be a nation free from oppression or in the very least have a say in what was going on. This was the largest problem. Here were the colonist being taxed and having these laws thrown upon them, and yet they had no say in where this money went, how much was taken, or what was being taxed. All they could do was either sit back and accept it, or revolt, and it was on the absolutely contrary for the people of America to sit back and take it. The Americans wasted no time and in 1765 leaders from Massachusetts formulated a plan: The Stamp Act Congress. From this congress the famous words no taxation without representation came forth. To an even farther degree, the Americans revolted by sending street mobs to tear down British offices in Massachusetts and New York. They also took to smuggling and importing their goods under the noses of the British, by undermining the taxes and causing the British to lose revenue. On March 5th, 1770 the escalation of the revolution was at a breaking point. The tension was extraordinarily high and something was about to give. A simple street fight with snowballs and horseplay erupted and shots began to fly. The Boston  Massacre, quickly labeled by our own Sam Adams, was since remembered as the day when the tension broke. The war was officially starting, and the adversary was the British. The revolt against the Empire was growing stronger every day. Late in the year of 1770, what would soon be known as the Committee of Correspondence would be created. This committee was designed to fortify the colonies against the British. As individuals, the American people could do nothing, and they began to realize this more and more as the years progressed. However, as a nation, as states united, and as one group standing tall together against their rivals, they could be a serious threat to the Empire. This committee liberated our land and united our voices to speak out against the British. Soon newspapers, books, letters, and even local businesses and groups gave voice to the Revolution. Even with all of the revolting going on, the British persistently continued to regulate laws and enforce acts on the nation. The next act enforced on Americans was the Tea Act of 1773. However, at this point in colonial America, we had no intent to sit idly by. The next step in our resistance was a deliberate spit in the face to the British and their regulations, and one of the most known instances of the American revolution; The Boston Tea Party. Led by Sam Adams himself, over seven thousand people stormed the harbors of Boston dressed as Indians and dumped over 342 chests of tea overboard. To the Americans, this wasnt just saying no to tea from the British, this was much more than that. It was truly a statement to the Empire saying; We dont need you, we dont need your tea, and we definitely dont need your taxes. This was Americas true colors being shown by saying that its time for us to be an Independent nation of liberty and freedom. From this point on, nothing was the same. The British retaliated hard with more acts including the Intolerable Acts, restricting local meetings, and even closing down the Boston Harbor altogether. It was all crashing down, and the war was about to begin. But with the same, were not going to take it attitude that the American people always had, they would not let any of this oppress them. They continued with their meetings and to a higher  caliber than before. They began to draft, in writing, what it was specifically that they wanted out of their own personal nation. They were not only planning for their new nation, but also for the war that would get them there. People who were called Minute Men were standing by at all times ready at a minutes notice in case they were needed to fight for their country and needed they were. On April 18th, 1775 over 1,000 soldiers led by Paul Revere and William Dawes marched to Concord where the shot heard round the world started what would forever c hange our nation. It would light the flame that was the inevitable Revolutionary War. America is now known as the greatest nation in the world and home to thousands of cultures, races, and religions. It is truly the land of the free and the home of the brave. However, it definitely didnt get to this stage without a fight. Our founding fathers longed for a nation that was more than what they had; a nation that would stand up against opposing threats and tyrannical dictators who thwarted their freedom. This freedom that we so desperately desired was not just Americas way of running from their responsibilities. It was a choice, a desire, a strive for a better place where God could lead, and we would follow in his path for us. The Revolutionary War was Americas chance to attain that right, and God blessed our nation for putting Him first in that. The gradual build to the revolution was something that really cemented in Americans what it was they wanted out of their nation. It built a strong and unified society that would be the shining light in the world. America is that nation, and the steps we have taken to make it that are what makes us who we are. Blessed is the nation whose God is the LORD, the people He has chosen as His own inheritance. − Psalm 33:12

Benefits Of Becoming A Famous Sports Person Marketing Essay

Benefits Of Becoming A Famous Sports Person Marketing Essay In our vast world today, sport has become a rapid growing industry which most people regard it as a form on entertainment in their daily life. We live in an urban age where technology is so advance which enables us to watch live broadcasts of any sports we enjoy watching through various sports channels such as ESPN which cater to any sport fanatics needs. Firstly, people enjoy watching and playing sports as they wish to pursue their dreams in becoming a famous sportsperson one day. These enthusiastic sportspeople must persevere with full determination and concentration in excelling in their performance at the sport they have chosen. In my opinion, becoming a famous sportsperson brings many benefits to ones life as an individual would be able to reap special rewards, a countless sum of income, popularity amongst his fans, living an exclusive lifestyle and the ability to give training methods to inspiring athletes in the sports world. 2.0 2.1 Rewards Ive won the competition! It is every famous sports persons dream to be able to say this phrase. It is undeniable that winning in competition are crucial, whether for a famous sports person or an ordinary sports person. Everyone wants to perform well in their competition; the question is, what causes famous sports person work so hard for it? In my opinion, they want to get rewards from branded companies and government. 2.1.1 Sponsorship From Branded Companies A famous sports person usually able to get sponsorships from branded companies. This is because they work really hard and almost win every competition. Examples of branded companies are Nike, Adidas, Puma, Yonex, Carlton and Reebok. Sports persons need a huge amount of money to carry out their daily training, buy their sports equipments and accessories. Without the sponsorships, they will face a lot of obstacles in their sports life. Our famous sports persons Olympic gold medalist and Jamaican Sprinter Usain Bolt, they had just renewed their sponsorship arrangement with Puma until the end of 2013 lately. So Puma became the official supplier of training, performance, footwear and lifestyle apparel for Usain Bolt. Now, Usain Bolt can focus fully in his career without worries. 2.1.2 Government Incentive Besides, government incentive will be provided to the famous sports persons. This is because they have the responsibilities to take part in local, international and global tournaments. For instance, Olympic silver medallist Lee Chong Wei is to be made a Datuk by the Penang Government. In the other hand, Malaysia Government also rewarded a cheque of RM300000 for winning the silver medal at the Olympic Games and a mock cheque for RM3000 as the pension reward. The pension payments are for life. In short, the famous sports persons definitely will get sponsorships from branded companies and government incentive as long as they maintain their excellent performances. Sports persons achieve iconic status instantly with awesome performance and hence are selected by top brands for endorsing their goods. 2.2 Income Sports, apart from being a good way of testing an athletes expertise and skill, are also big money. Today, sports persons achieve iconic status immediately with excellent performance and hence are selected by top branded companies for endorsing their goods. Apart from prize money and salaries, this is also where many famous athletes make most of their money from. This has become a recent occurrence of paying millions of dollars to athletes as income, which makes most famous athletes filthy rich. 2.2.1 Receiving Contract From Exclusive Companies Receiving contracts from exclusive companies is one of the income sources of the famous sports person. The companies will hire the famous athletes for their promotion of merchandise and work as product spokesmen. This advertising effect manages to improve the companies sale. So the companies will not be stingy in spending millions of money for the famous sports person. 2.2.2 Prize Money Lastly, there is thousands of tournaments give away prize money for the winners. Sports person will receive a huge amount of money from winning tournaments held locally and globally. For example, Tiger Woods who has won 65 PGA tour events picked up $41 million in prize money and 14 major golf championships in 2009. Thus, prize money means a lot to sports person as this is one of the income source. In short, we may be in the midst of a global economic recession, however, the worlds top sportsperson are still up to their necks in money. And the cash came from salaries, prize money, licensing income, and endorsements. 2.3 Popularity In our modern world today, it has become a common necessity amongst people especially celebrities to have a good reputation through the form of popularity with the public. This is to ensure that their popularity amongst their fans remains strong as they must maintain their title. Sports celebrities for example require popularity to boost their existence as skilled sports people in the sports world, so that the competitiveness between other sports celebrities remains very intense as each player wants to achieve victory. 2.3.1 Performance In The Sports Firstly, in being a popular sportsperson one must always maintain his performance in the sport he specializes in as his fans would always cheer him on to provide the support he needs during the game. Through this advantage of support, a famous sportsperson must never slack off in his performance and feel arrogant as pride always comes before a fall. For example, Rafael Nadal who is a famous tennis player made a simple job of winning his second Wimbledon mens crown, swatting aside the giant Czech Tomas Berdych who was 6 feet tall to the score of 6-3, 7-5, 6-4 in two hours 13 minutes. During the game, the weather had affected the performance of both players, but it did not lose their determination in winning the game. The support of the crowd had boosted Rafael Nadals moral support as they shouted I love you, Rafa, soon followed by Youre a genius, Rafa. After Rafa Nadal had won the game his opponent Berdych shook his head in despair at the chances he had missed but both players left the court with confidence and comfort. Hence, Rafa Nadal has gained popularity amongst his fans through his outstanding performance in winning the tournament which has boosted his reputation among other famous tennis players. 2.3.2 Exclusive Lifestyle Secondly, popularity in being a famous sportsperson would give the benefits of living a luxurious lifestyle without worrying much financially as he has performed well in the sport whereby sponsors would provide everything he needs. Through popularity a famous sportsperson would also be able to experience exclusive events which are only meant for celebrities which would attract the media for the publics entertainment. For example, the 12th Annual ESPY Awards which was broadcasted on the sports channel called ESPN on Sunday, 18th July at 9 p.m from Hollywoods Kodak Theatre was a huge success. At the awards, many famous celebrities from different working backgrounds such as Samuel L. Jackson, Denzel Washington, Brooke Burke, The Rock and for the athlete presenters LeBron James, Tom Brady, Gary Payton, Terrell Owen and Serena Williams came together to celebrate this event. During the event, Denzel Washington also presented the ESPY Arthur Ashe Courage AwardThe Arthur Ashe Courage Award ( sometimes called the Arthur Ashe Award for Courage or Arthur Ashe for Courage Award) is an award that is part of the ESPY Awards. Although it is a sport-oriented awards, is not limited to sports-related people or actions. .. Click the link for more information.  to UNICEF ambassador and Liberian-born soccer star George Weah. The Annual Awards also acknowledged many top athletes who were ESPY Award nominees such as Walter Ray Williams,Jr. who was born on October 6, 1959 in Eureka, California and is among one of the top ranking professional Ten-pin bowlers in history. Walter Ray also currently holds the record for all time PBA career earnings which is over $4,000,000. Another celebrity sportsperson that was acknowledged was Martin St-Louis who was born on June 18, 1975 in Laval, Quebec, Canada and is a Ice hockey right winger who is French Canadian that has a playing career. Martin is also considered to be a diminutive player by NHL standards at 5 foot 9 at St Louis who has played six NHL seasons during the years of 2006 to 2007 for the Tampa Bay. Lastly the 12th annual ESPY Awards which was presented by Under Armour and GNC, gathered all entertainment and sports celebrities to recognize the top achievements earned by the sports people, salute the best performers and relive memorable moments during the awa rd ceremony. In short, popularity plays a major important role in the success of a famous sportsperson as he would have to strive in his sport with full determination and concentration to achieve victory and gain the support from his fans. 2.4 Rich lifestyle Living a rich lifestyle is everyones dreams. Nowadays we can see on news that most famous sportsperson is living in a rich lifestyle. But how does a rich lifestyle benefits them? 2.4.1 Able To Purchase Luxurious Items The advantage is that these famous sportsperson will be able to purchase luxurious items such as elegant clothes, jewelleries, famous cars, mansions and more. They are able to acquire these things as a result of their hard work and never giving up when they face obstacles. One of the examples of such a sports person is current Real Madrid footballer Cristiano Ronaldo. He is a talented footballer from Portugal at a young age. Although he suffered a sickness during a young age he never gave up his dream of becoming a footballer. When he moved to play for Manchester United in England, it was his most flourishing period. He was voted World Footballer of the Year, he won medals, trophies, honors, and he was used on many product advertisements. From all of that, he earned millions of pound or dollar. He spends all those money on items such as a Ferrari automobile, buys a big mansion at Manchester, go to nightclubs, eats in 8 star restaurants. Besides, he also spends money on women like buy ing them handbags, mobile phones, dresses and so on. 2.4.2 Donation For Charity Besides being able to purchase luxurious items, sometimes these famous sportsperson will donate their earnings to charities. They do things like feed and provide shelter for the poor, and funding for development of education. It is better to do good sometimes then spend all those wealth for themselves. Roger Federer is one such sportsperson that lives a rich lifestyle but still donates some of his earnings to charity. Roger Federer earned $26,464,458 in his 8 years of playing career and founded the Roger Federer Foundation. This foundation aims to assist poor and deprived children. After the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, he wanted to influence other tennis players to assist those who are affected by the tsunami. Moreover, he wanted to play as many charity matches as possible because he said that he wanted to help those who are in need. Roger Federer also became the Goodwill Ambassador to UNICEF which aims to help those who are poor or deprived. As we can see, besides being able to purchase luxurious items for themselves, these famous sportsperson will also do charities for the poor and deprived. That is some of the things famous sportsperson who are living in a rich lifestyle can do. Hence, people who wants to be famous and lives in rich lifestyle must have a never give up attitude and work hard to achieve their dream. 2.5 Training Methods The term training refers to the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies as a result of the teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful competencies as stated in the internet encyclopedia Wikipedia.. Different sportsperson has different training methods in their daily trainings. How can these training methods benefit them? 2.5.1 Improve Their Performance In The Sport To Keep Fit One of the benefits is that most famous sportsperson have to improve their performance so that they will not lose their grip on the sports they are in like running, football, badminton, and other sports as well. What the famous sportsperson can do is that they can hire coaches to train them to have better skill performance in a certain time period, or buy better quality training gears. An example of a famous sportsperson who improves his performance in running by hiring a coach is Ralph Doubell. Before he became famous, he was a nobody; and his running performance was slow. To overcome the problem, he hired a legendary coach who specialized in running to train him, and his name is Franz Stampel. Franz Stampels training methods included mainly repetition and interval running, means getting off slowly before the track season approaches, increasing the intensity as then running competition approaches. This particular training method leads to Ralph Doubells Olympic gold medal in the 800m running during the 1968 Olympic Games and that is how he became famous; from a nobody to a somebody. 2.5.2 Able To Use Their Knowledge In The Sport In addition, from the training methods that these famous sportsperson get to improve their performance in the sport to remain fit, they are able to use their knowledge in the sport to great benefits like giving advice to the public on how to improve their performance in sports. Hence, it would motivate others to become better.To give an example of such a famous sportsperson is tennis star Roger Federer. On 24 May 2010 during the French Open, Roger Federer got interviewed. What he said on the interview was quite inspirational. In the interview, the interviewer ask him if a young player came to see him and asked what is the right motivation for him to have to become a champion, and has Roger Federer lack any motivation during his career. He explained that every player will go through a tough time throughout their career. When these players are young they have tremendous pressure surrounding them and these young players will want to prove their critics wrong so they will lose a little m otivation in the beginning. Besides that, he also said that young players must not give up easily when they are losing a match and must put a 100% into the game so that their opponent will respect them as they will train better like this. So, besides aiming to get their performances improve, famous sportsperson sometimes will also give inspirational talks or interviews to inspire other sportsperson to do better. These are some of the things that famous sportsperson can do to benefit themselves and others too. Everyone must take an example out of these famous sportsperson as they can teach us something we never knew before. Conclusion To conclude famous sports people have more benefits compared to normal sports people. These famous sports people however, do not become famous overnight as they must have the passion to pursue their dreams since young with full determination and concentration in perfecting their skills in the sport they have specialized in. Famous sports people who have made history such as Michael Jordan and Charles Barkley from the NBA (National Basketball Association) have also given motivational quotes to inspiring young athletes by saying You have to expect things of yourself before you can do them by Michael Jordan and I know that Im never as good or bad as any single performance. Ive never believed my critics or my worshippers, and Ive always been able to leave the game at the arena by Charles Barkley. Through this, I believe that anyone can become a famous sportsperson as the hard work you put in pays off with loads of benefits. References Puma Renews Sponsorships with Usain Bolt 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://www.8264.net/html/Sports_News/International_Sports_Industry/201008/25-9451.html Beijing Olympics : Silver For Malaysia 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://warkah.com/beijing-olympics-silver-for-malaysia/ Highest Paid Athletes 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/highest-paid-athletes.html The 10 highest earning sports stars in the world 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://www.thesportreview.com/tsr/2009/08/the-10-highest-earning-sports-stars-in-the-world/ Nadal cruises past Berdych to win second title 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://2010.wimbledon.org/en_GB/news/match_reports/2010-07-04/201007041278253424945.html Celebrity Presenter and Athlete Attendees Announced 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Celebrity+Presenters+and+Athlete+Attendees+Announced+for+the+12th-a0118854625 Charity: 10 Generous Sports Personality Who Help Ordinary People 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://techblogbiz.blogspot.com/2006/10/charity-10-generous-sports.html The Training Methods of Three Famous Distance Coaches 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://www.athleticscoaching.ca/UserFiles/File/Sport%20Science/Theory%20%20Methodology/Endurance/General%20Concepts/TMEGC_Pilone_The_Training_Methods_of_Three_Famous_Distance_Coaches.pdf Roger Federal Interview French Open 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http://www.tennis-x.com/story/2010-05-24/h.php

Intertial Confinement Fusion Essay -- Nuclear

Missing Figures INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION 1. Introduction / Beginnings In the 1940s during the development of nuclear explosives, the inertial confinement approach to fusion was born. Weapons researchers determined that by use of high energy sources, such as the fission reaction, light nuclei could be fused, thus creating intense fusion energy. Scientists in the controlled fusion camp also realized that tight compression of fuel pellets could increase the fusion reaction rate which is proportional to fuel density. (Robert A. Gross, Fusion Energy, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 295) Scientists were, at this stage, trying to discover a mechanism which could compress a light-nucleus fuel. The invention of high power lasers encouraged the inertial-confinement camp. The radiation from the laser heats a fuel pellet, and as the plasma from the pellet rapidly expands, a momentum reaction sends compressive waves inward, converging on the pellet's core. The energy in the core causes the ignition of the pellet. The common desire is to obtain a thermonuclear energy yield that exceeds the energy which is required to heat and compress the solid before the pellet explodes; hence the name inertial confinement. Some of the early research in this subject was done by Nuckolls and Kidder of the Livermore Laboratory, and Bosov and Krokhin of the Kurchatov Institute in the USSR. (Gross, 295) Since these great efforts, the scientific community has considered inertial-confinement fusion to be the top alternate method for controlled thermonuclear fusion. The most probable containment, of course, is magnetic confinement fusion. Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) in Princeton, New Jersey is argueably the premier ma... ...died; however, the heavy-ion accelerators show much promise in its short time of consideration. Laser light coupling and laser efficiencies have been a problem for laser-driven designs. Ion-driven devices have problems of their own, particularly in focusing to the required power density. (Dean, 75) The HYBALL-II project as well as other ICF projects today have easily surpassed the yields of the early ICF reactors (SOLASE). In the big picture, however, one should keep in mind that magnetic-confinement devices show much more promise at this point. Works Cited Dean, Stephen O., (ed.). Prospects for Fusion Power. New York: Pergamon Press, 1981. Gross, Robert A. Fusion Energy. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1984. Velarde, Guillermo, et. al, (ed.). Nuclear Fusion by Inertial Confinement: A Comprehensive Treatise. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1993.

Free Awakening Essays: A Reader Response :: Chopin Awakening Essays

A Reader Response to The Awakening The Awakening is a story that was written when women weren't allowed to be independent. Kate Chopin was even criticized for the main character's conduct; "Certainly there is throughout the story an undercurrent of sympathy of Edna, and nowhere a single note of censure of her totally unjustifiable conduct" and another said; "the purport of the story can hardly be described in language fit for publication." But who can blame them. Edna was a bold woman. She was independent, kept male friends, felt passion, was disrespectful to her husband and did not spend much time with her children. Edna was an independent women when women were not allowed to be independent. She openly defied her husband. Remember at the lake when she decided she did not want to go inside when her husband told her to and the fact the she would not go to New York to be with her husband. After he left she decided to use her own money, and deliberately would not use his things in her new/ pigeon house was another exampl e of this. She even made a big deal of having him "pay" for her party. She wanted to express herself and to become creative, which Chopin shows through her art. Edna also starts to associate with art-type people, musicians. I sometimes wonder why she started to hang around the pianist when she obviously didn't like her during the summer. Was this Edna's way to explore her artistic talents, or was it to get closer to Robert? Edna's husband appears to be the stereotypical husband of his time. He stayed away most of the time in the summer, visiting on weekends at the beach cottage, but spending allot of time with his male friends playing card games. He appears to love his family, but is hugely critical of Edna. He complains to her about the children, the maids and the food. I don't remember their being pleasant and loving words between the two of them, there was show of emotion, but only when he was leaving. Mr. P. never realizes that his wife might want to be her own person, have her own interest beside having visitors, making sure his dinner is good and being his wife. When the Doctor tells him to be gentle to his wife and not quarrel with her, that things will pass, it gives him another reason to break free from a family that he has already emotionally distracted from anyway.

A Reflection On Herman Melvilles Accomplishments :: essays research papers fc

A Reflection On Herman Melville's Accomplishments "As an author Melville both courted failure and scorned success."(pg. 613, A Companion to Melville Studies). How many famous legends in time have existed to know no fame. How many remarkable artist have lived and died never receiving due credit for there work. Herman Melville is clearly an artist of words. Herman Melville is certainly a prodigy when it comes to writing. Herman Melville never received hardly any credit for any of his works. Melville wrote such novels as Moby-Dick, and Billy Budd. Melville wrote about things that he knew about. He wrote about his own experiences. The one thing that he loved, and knew the most about was whaling. Herman Melville was born in 1819, the son of Allan and Maria Melville. He was one of a Family of eight children - four boys and four girls - who was raised comfortably in a nice neighborhood in New York City. Herman Melville came from a famous blood line out of Albany, NY. Melville's grandfather, General Peter Gansevoort, was a hero. Even though the General died six years before Melville was born, Melville still put him in his book, Pierre. On the outer side of the blood line there was Major Melville. The Major was a wealthy Boston merchant who was one of the famous "Mohawks" who boarded the ship of the East India Company that night of 1773, and dumped the cargo in to the Boston Harbor. Later Major Melville became the Naval Officer of The Port of Boston, a post given to him by Gorge Washington. It is like the two blood lines fitted together perfectly to create Herman Melville. Herman had the strength of the General, and the crazy hart of the Major. Herman Melville was "hardly more than a boy" when he ran out to sea after his fathers death. A young Melville sighed up as a boy on the St. Lawrence to Liverpool and back to New York. Many of the events that show up in Melville's Redburn are actuarial events that happened of his first voyage. After returning home and finding his mothers family fortune gone, Melville decided to take a journey over land this time to the Mississippi river to visit his Uncle Thomas. Through out all of Melville's work the image of inland landscapes, of farms, prairies, rivers, lakes, and forest recur as a counterpoint to the barren sea. Also in Moby-Dick Melville tells how he was a "Vagabond" on the Erie Canal, which was the way Melville returned. Melville wrote that it was not the lakes or forest that sank in as much

Idling Engine Ban

1. To what extent do you agree with the idling engine ban? A few years ago, the Environmental Protection Department proposed to legislate the idling engine ban, under which all vehicles must switch off their engines. I totally disagree with the idling engine ban, for I think that this policy not only cannot bring benefits to pedestrians in air quality, but instead brings harm to drivers and passengers. To start with, the idling engine ban brings inconvenience to drivers. As the idling engine ban proposes that a driver has to switch off their idle engines immediately, drivers had to switch of their engines even if they had to wait in a place for as short as 3 minutes. This abrupt switching off and on of the engine is not only bothersome to drivers, but may lead to a shorter lifespan of motor vehicles. Apart from the harm to the driver, a problem of poor ventilation is caused by the idling engine ban, which affects both drivers and passengers. As stated by the government, vehicles are the second largest local source of air pollutants. In the middle of the road where traffic is intense, if a driver has to switch off the air conditioner and open the windows, the driver and the passengers will breathe in harmful gases which will affect their health in the long term. Also, when the temperature reaches above 30 degrees in summer, drivers and passengers have a high chance of suffering from heat strokes if the air conditioner is turned off. To maintain a driver’s good condition of health is crucial when driving, therefore the idling engine ban is not feasible. Moreover, from the government’s perspective, it is difficult for the idling engine ban to be implemented. Firstly, a fine of $320 may not be severe enough to stop drivers from switching on their idling engines. Secondly, as there are many exemptions to the ban, the police will not be able to identify violating vehicles effectively. The usefulness of the ban would be greatly decreased. The government stated that the idling engine ban can reduce air pollution in Hong Kong as vehicles are a main pollutant. I agree that the ban can improve the health of Hong Kong citizens and pedestrians in particular, though only in a small extent. However, statistics show that emissions produced when vehicles are idle are only a small part of gas emitted by vehicles. In fact, running vehicles produce a major part of pollutants. Thus, I think that the idling engine ban is not significant enough; the government should consider alternatives to tackle the major problem of the increasing number of private cars to reduce air pollution. To conclude, the idling engine ban would cause inconvenience to drivers and affect the health of drivers and pedestrians. It would be difficult to implement and ineffective to reduce air pollution. Therefore, I totally disagree with the idling engine ban as it brings harmful effects to all stakeholders. 2. What can individuals, private organizations and the government do to ease the costs you have identified in Q1? In Q1, I have identified the costs of the idling engine ban as inconvenience to drivers, poor ventilation during hot weather, difficult implementation and insignificance in reducing air pollution. Firstly, if the idling engine ban was implemented, individual drivers can develop more self-discipline and abide to the laws so that gas emissions will decrease. They can also report on cases of violating the ban. The effectiveness of the ban would increase and implementation of the ban would be more successful. Individuals can also ride on public vehicles more often, so that the major source of air pollutants would be cut down. Secondly, private organizations such as environmental organizations can tell Hong Kong citizens the benefits of the idling engine ban through large-scale functions or advertisements, so that more drivers will see the meaning behind the ban and will not complain that it is inconvenient. They will obey the ban more strictly. Thirdly, the government can ease the poor ventilation during hot weather by changing the ban to allow exemption of all vehicles from switching off the idle engine when the temperature is over 30 degrees. Also, the government can increase the fine so that drivers would not violate the ban easily and it would be easier to implement the ban.

Sociological Analysis of the Presidential Election of 2012

Sociological Analysis of the Presidential Election of 2012 from a Structural Functionalist Perspective and a Conflict Perspective. As the presidential election draws closer, we could vividly view our society from social conflict and structural functionalist perspectives. The democratic process helps us to ask why do we accept and embrace democracy, how does it influence our social patterns and functions; and how does democracy really work for the stability of our society.In this essay, I will analyze the presidential election of 2012 using sociological perspective with emphasis on manifest and latent functions, class, race and gender conflicts. It is a known fact that democracy and demography are like Siamese twins that cannot be separated. These demographics include gender, race, age, disability, wealth, employment status, and locations. Politicians have used, and still using, these elements to know which group is the best to appease. On gender issue, the two prominent political par ties, Democratic and the Republican Parties, know that â€Å"females voters make up 52% of the US electorate† (Bloomberg News).These women tend to vote for any political party that caters to their needs. Also, race is part of political consideration. The African-Americans, Asian-Americans, the Hispanics and White are different voting blocs which the politicians must woo. According to the online Hispanic News, â€Å"the recent release of National Census data confirms that â€Å"50 million Latinos are part of the American electorate†. Not only the Hispanics are increasing in population, the African American grew by 1. 6% in 2010 while the Asian-American are recently declared, by CNN, as the â€Å"fastest growing minority in the US†.Another demographic to be considered is age. Steven Thomma and William Douglas of McClatchy Newspaper said, â€Å"Statistics show that older white and rich voters are more reliable electorates than the young voters; they tend to vote Republican Party†. The question now is how all these fit into our sociological perspective. I will start by looking at the manifest function of our democracy. In truth, democracy has helped to stabilize and also create unity among citizens. It has become a recognized and accepted process which everyone look forward to periodically.It is intended to involve all qualified adults in picking their next leaders. The sense is that once everyone is involved, then the majority will be pleased with the government. However, as much as there has been good governance through democracy, there have also been some unintended consequences too. These consequences can be seen by examining the latent function of our democracy. Today, one can hardly watch TV or listen to the radio without seeing or hearing the fracture that exists in the political system of our country.Citizens have been divided into two or more groups based on their party affiliations. The divide is so obvious that parties are n ot willing to compromise on any issue. The result is a stagnant government, and no reasonable policies have been passed into law. It is hard to know if this fraction is recognized but we surely know that it is unintended. Aside from stability and loyalty which democracy brought into our society, we have seen inequality that generates conflicts. These conflicts can be seen in class, race and gender.On Class, according to Real Cleat Politics, the Pew Research Center found in 2008 that six out of ten Americans say that the Republican Party â€Å"favors the rich†. Real Clear Politics went further to state how the Republican policies give tax break to the rich and the Democrats want tax breaks for the middle class and the poor. This situation has created a permanent wide gap between the rich and the poor. Another conflict is race; it is not surprising that the political parties are trying to woo the ethnic group with the highest population.The Democrats are trying to lure the Hisp anic with immigration reform while the Republicans are trying to solidify their White base with a promise of deportation of illegal immigrants. Both sides are aggressively marketing their ideas to each race for votes. According to US Catholics News, â€Å"these problems have led to family division, causing a heavy toll on children and families of Hispanic community’. The Hispanics are not the only group suffering from this political division, The African- American, the Asian-American, the Indian-Americans and all other minorities are all struggling to fit into the social structure.For all of these, one can easily see both the minorities and the majority voting along their party line. The minority ethnic groups tend to vote for Democrats while the majority ethnic group votes Republican. Another well observed social conflict can be seen in gender. The gender issue has brought out many social issues. From woman’s health, contraceptives and abortion, parenthood and womanh ood, the list goes on and women are taking their stands on issues that concern them. The women are the largest electorate in US.LA Progress, an online News Journal, after series of research, simply concludes that â€Å"Women will decide 2012 Presidential Election†. For this reason, politicians are coming up with policies that will benefit women. However, not all these policies are favorable to all women. For example, the pro-life advocates want abortion abolished, the pro-choice advocates wants abortion to be part of preventive healthcare programs. The debate has generated so much heat that some abortion clinics were burned down and some abortion doctors were murdered.With all these issues in mind, pro-choice women mostly vote for Democrats while pro-life women mostly vote for Republicans. Men have been the agitators for gun rights. Policies are fashioned to give them freedom to own guns without any restrictions; these policies have led to the availability of street guns. The lovers of guns mostly vote republican while the pro-gun control group mostly votes for republicans. It is important to mention here that National Rifle Association, the best known body that represents gun rights advocates, has both male and female members.Above all, this election is very unique because from the look of things, the minorities especially the Hispanic and women are increasing in population and they will determine the election outcome. The Hispanic and women mostly vote for Democrats while Asian-American, the fastest growing minority, mostly votes for Republicans because of their conservative values. In all, the political landscape is definitely shifting from what it used to be. We will all see the political party it favors in November. References: Bloomberg News: